60 Ways - 5. Adjust Equipment To Preserve Residue

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60 Ways Farmers Can Protect Surface Water

50 ways

57 ways

60 ways

Managing Surface Cover

1. Distribute residue evenly at harvest
2. Avoid fall tillage
3. Determine how your operations will affect residue cover
4. Estimate residue cover in the field
5. Adjust equipment to preserve residue
6. Plant a cover crop
7. Rotate crops
8. Select vigorous perennial pasture species
9. Protect the soil with special-use annual forage crops
10. Protect the soil with rotational grazing
11. Use no-till when renovating pasture
12. Manage timberland to protect soil

Controlling the Flow of Water

13. Reduce soil compaction and increase infiltration
14. Install grassed waterways
15. Plant vegetative filter strips or make critical area plantings
16. Farm on the contour
17. Use contour stripcropping and contour buffer strips
18. Install terraces
19. Install grade control structures
20. Install water and sediment control basin
21. Use diversions
22. Install a farm pond
23. Maintain your dtrainage system to protect surface water
24. Control streambank erosion with the willow-post method
25. Avoid channelization of streams and creeks

Managing Nutrients Effectively

26. Set realistic yield goals
27. Monitor the level of nutrients
28. Credit other nitrogen sources
29. Select nitrogen fertilizers wisely
30. Apply nitrogen in the spring
31. Apply fertilizer with a global positioning system

Managing Livestock Waste Effectively

32. Keep livestock out of water
33. Divert runoff water
34. Collect and store contaminated runoff
35. Install a vegetative filter - in appropriate
36. Determine accurate manure application equipment
37. Calibrate manure application equipment
38. Apply manure wisely

Reducing Insecticide Use

39. Scout fields for insects
40. Base decisions on the economic thresholds for insects
41. Use insect-resistant crop varieties
42. Use crop rotation and plant diversity to control insects
43. Spot-treat insect infestations when possible
44. Conserve beneficial insects

Reducing Herbicide Use

45. Scout for weeds and know their economic thresholds
46. Fine-tune your weed-control program to cut back on herbicides
47. Manage crops to compete aggressively with weeds
48. Don't assume that no-till requires more herbicide
49. Band herbicides and cultivate
50. Control weeds with cover crops

Selecting Pesticides

51. Select the leat-toxic pesticide
52. Determine your soil's potential for runoff
53. Determine your pesticide's potential for runoff
54. Determine the soil-pesticide interaction rating

Handling Pesticides Safely & Efficiently

55. Calibrate your sprayer
56. Consider direct injection and closed handling systems
57. Observe setback zones
58. Rinse and dispose of chemical containers safely
59. Dispose of excess chemical safely
60. Dispose of other farm waste safely

5. Adjust Equipment To Preserve Residue
	How you operate your machinery and the attachments you use has a significant impact on residue cover. In most cases, for example, if you till shallow at a slow speed, you leave more residue on the surface than if you till deeply at a fast speed. You can also see a big difference among the three most common ground-engaging components attached to the standards of a chisel plow—sweeps, spikes, or twisted shovels. Sweeps leave the most residue on the soil surface, followed by chisel spikes, and then twisted shovels.
	To preserve more residue with either an offset disk or a tandem disk, operate blades at a small angle and only as deep as necessary to perform the desired tillage and residue cutting. Spherical blades leave more residue on the soil surface than conical blades.
	When there is a choice between a field cultivator and a disk for secondary tillage, the cultivator will tend to bury less residue.
	Rippers are similar to chisel plows, but they generally leave more residue. The farther apart you space the standards, the more surface residue you preserve. Also, narrower points will bury less residue than wide points.
	The set-up for different combination tools can vary considerably. To preserve the most residue, select the least aggressive attachments, set the disk blades to a shallow depth, and space the sweeps as wide as practical.
	On planters, fluted coulters bury the most residue, followed by rippled and bubble coulters. Smooth coulters preserve the most residue.
	Row-cleaning attachments are typically used when planting a crop in heavy residue. If you use row cleaners, adjust them to move only residue—not soil. Also, take care not to create a furrow with your row cleaner. A furrow provides a place for water to accumulate, increasing the risk of soil crusting and runoff that will wash out seeds, soil, and plants.